mathlib documentation

algebra.big_operators.order

Results about big operators with values in an ordered algebraic structure.

Mostly monotonicity results for the ∑ operation.

theorem finset.le_sum_of_subadditive {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {γ : Type w} [add_comm_monoid α] [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (f : α → β) (h_zero : f 0 = 0) (h_add : ∀ (x y : α), f (x + y) ≤ f x + f y) (s : finset γ) (g : γ → α) :
f (∑ (x : γ) in s, g x) ≤ ∑ (x : γ) in s, f (g x)

theorem finset.abs_sum_le_sum_abs {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [discrete_linear_ordered_field α] {f : β → α} {s : finset β} :
abs (∑ (x : β) in s, f x) ≤ ∑ (x : β) in s, abs (f x)

theorem finset.sum_le_sum {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (a : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x ≤ g x) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s, g x

theorem finset.card_le_mul_card_image {α : Type u} {γ : Type w} [decidable_eq γ] {f : α → γ} (s : finset α) (n : ℕ) (hn : ∀ (a : γ), a ∈ finset.image f s → (finset.filter (λ (x : α), f x = a) s).card ≤ n) :

theorem finset.sum_nonneg {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (h : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 ≤ f x) :
0 ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s, f x

theorem finset.sum_nonpos {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (h : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x ≤ 0) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x ≤ 0

theorem finset.sum_le_sum_of_subset_of_nonneg {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s₁ s₂ : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (h : s₁ ⊆ s₂) (hf : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s₂ → x ∉ s₁ → 0 ≤ f x) :
∑ (x : α) in s₁, f x ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s₂, f x

theorem finset.sum_mono_set_of_nonneg {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (hf : ∀ (x : α), 0 ≤ f x) :
monotone (λ (s : finset α), ∑ (x : α) in s, f x)

theorem finset.sum_eq_zero_iff_of_nonneg {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (a : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 ≤ f x) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x = 0 ↔ ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x = 0

theorem finset.sum_eq_zero_iff_of_nonpos {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (a : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x ≤ 0) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x = 0 ↔ ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x = 0

theorem finset.single_le_sum {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] (hf : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 ≤ f x) {a : α} (h : a ∈ s) :
f a ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s, f x

@[simp]
theorem finset.sum_eq_zero_iff {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f : α → β} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x = 0 ↔ ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x = 0

theorem finset.sum_le_sum_of_subset {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s₁ s₂ : finset α} {f : α → β} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] (h : s₁ ⊆ s₂) :
∑ (x : α) in s₁, f x ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s₂, f x

theorem finset.sum_mono_set {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] (f : α → β) :
monotone (λ (s : finset α), ∑ (x : α) in s, f x)

theorem finset.sum_le_sum_of_ne_zero {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s₁ s₂ : finset α} {f : α → β} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] (h : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s₁ → f x ≠ 0 → x ∈ s₂) :
∑ (x : α) in s₁, f x ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s₂, f x

theorem finset.sum_lt_sum {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} [ordered_cancel_add_comm_monoid β] (Hle : ∀ (i : α), i ∈ s → f i ≤ g i) (Hlt : ∃ (i : α) (H : i ∈ s), f i < g i) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x < ∑ (x : α) in s, g x

theorem finset.sum_lt_sum_of_nonempty {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} [ordered_cancel_add_comm_monoid β] (hs : s.nonempty) (Hlt : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x < g x) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x < ∑ (x : α) in s, g x

theorem finset.sum_lt_sum_of_subset {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s₁ s₂ : finset α} {f : α → β} [ordered_cancel_add_comm_monoid β] [decidable_eq α] (h : s₁ ⊆ s₂) {i : α} (hi : i ∈ s₂ \ s₁) (hpos : 0 < f i) (hnonneg : ∀ (j : α), j ∈ s₂ \ s₁ → 0 ≤ f j) :
∑ (x : α) in s₁, f x < ∑ (x : α) in s₂, f x

theorem finset.exists_le_of_sum_le {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} [decidable_linear_ordered_cancel_add_comm_monoid β] (hs : s.nonempty) (Hle : ∑ (x : α) in s, f x ≤ ∑ (x : α) in s, g x) :
∃ (i : α) (H : i ∈ s), f i ≤ g i

theorem finset.exists_pos_of_sum_zero_of_exists_nonzero {α : Type u} {β : Type v} {s : finset α} [decidable_linear_ordered_cancel_add_comm_monoid β] (f : α → β) (h₁ : ∑ (e : α) in s, f e = 0) (h₂ : ∃ (x : α) (H : x ∈ s), f x ≠ 0) :
∃ (x : α) (H : x ∈ s), 0 < f x

theorem finset.prod_nonneg {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [linear_ordered_comm_ring β] {s : finset α} {f : α → β} (h0 : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 ≤ f x) :
0 ≤ ∏ (x : α) in s, f x

theorem finset.prod_pos {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [linear_ordered_comm_ring β] {s : finset α} {f : α → β} (h0 : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 < f x) :
0 < ∏ (x : α) in s, f x

theorem finset.prod_le_prod {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [linear_ordered_comm_ring β] {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} (h0 : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → 0 ≤ f x) (h1 : ∀ (x : α), x ∈ s → f x ≤ g x) :
∏ (x : α) in s, f x ≤ ∏ (x : α) in s, g x

theorem finset.prod_add_prod_le {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [linear_ordered_comm_ring β] {s : finset α} {i : α} {f g h : α → β} (hi : i ∈ s) (h2i : g i + h i ≤ f i) (hgf : ∀ (j : α), j ∈ s → j ≠ i → g j ≤ f j) (hhf : ∀ (j : α), j ∈ s → j ≠ i → h j ≤ f j) (hg : ∀ (i : α), i ∈ s → 0 ≤ g i) (hh : ∀ (i : α), i ∈ s → 0 ≤ h i) :
∏ (i : α) in s, g i + ∏ (i : α) in s, h i ≤ ∏ (i : α) in s, f i

If g, h ≤ f and g i + h i ≤ f i, then the product of f over s is at least the sum of the products of g and h. This is the version for linear_ordered_comm_ring.

theorem finset.prod_le_prod' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [canonically_ordered_comm_semiring β] {s : finset α} {f g : α → β} (h : ∀ (i : α), i ∈ s → f i ≤ g i) :
∏ (x : α) in s, f x ≤ ∏ (x : α) in s, g x

theorem finset.prod_add_prod_le' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [canonically_ordered_comm_semiring β] {s : finset α} {i : α} {f g h : α → β} (hi : i ∈ s) (h2i : g i + h i ≤ f i) (hgf : ∀ (j : α), j ∈ s → j ≠ i → g j ≤ f j) (hhf : ∀ (j : α), j ∈ s → j ≠ i → h j ≤ f j) :
∏ (i : α) in s, g i + ∏ (i : α) in s, h i ≤ ∏ (i : α) in s, f i

If g, h ≤ f and g i + h i ≤ f i, then the product of f over s is at least the sum of the products of g and h. This is the version for canonically_ordered_comm_semiring.

theorem with_top.sum_lt_top {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [ordered_add_comm_monoid β] {s : finset α} {f : α → with_top β} (a : ∀ (a : α), a ∈ s → f a < ⊤) :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x < ⊤

A sum of finite numbers is still finite

theorem with_top.sum_lt_top_iff {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] {s : finset α} {f : α → with_top β} :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x < ⊤ ↔ ∀ (a : α), a ∈ s → f a < ⊤

A sum of finite numbers is still finite

theorem with_top.sum_eq_top_iff {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [canonically_ordered_add_monoid β] {s : finset α} {f : α → with_top β} :
∑ (x : α) in s, f x = ⊤ ↔ ∃ (a : α) (H : a ∈ s), f a = ⊤

A sum of numbers is infinite iff one of them is infinite

@[simp]
theorem with_top.op_sum {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [add_comm_monoid β] {s : finset α} (f : α → β) :
opposite.op (∑ (x : α) in s, f x) = ∑ (x : α) in s, opposite.op (f x)

Moving to the opposite additive commutative monoid commutes with summing.

@[simp]
theorem with_top.unop_sum {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [add_comm_monoid β] {s : finset α} (f : α → βᵒᵖ) :
opposite.unop (∑ (x : α) in s, f x) = ∑ (x : α) in s, opposite.unop (f x)